PMK 50 OF 2025 AND ACCOUNTING ETHICS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CRYPTOCURRENCY FINANCIAL REPORTING IN INDONESIA

Abstract

The advancement of digital technology has driven the widespread adoption of cryptocurrency in Indonesia, with a growing number of investors and significant transaction volumes. In response, the government issued PMK 50/2025, establishing a final income tax of 0.21% on crypto transactions, eliminating VAT, and transferring oversight from Bappebti to OJK. This policy marks the shift of cryptocurrency from a commodity to a financial asset, generating implications for accounting and ethical reporting. However, both domestic (PSAK) and international (IFRS) accounting standards face limitations in classification, fair value measurement, and revenue recognition of crypto-assets, creating opportunities for creative accounting that may undermine financial statement reliability. Meanwhile, professional ethics principles, based on the Indonesian Code of Ethics for Accountants and the IESBA Code, serve as essential instruments to maintain integrity, objectivity, and accountability. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 31 relevant articles to map the implications of fiscal regulation, accounting standards, and professional ethics in cryptocurrency reporting. The findings highlight the critical need for integrating these three aspects to establish transparent, consistent, and ethical digital asset governance and provide practical recommendations for regulators, accountants, and business actors in Indonesia.